新型定位板在经椎间孔腰骶神经根封闭术术前定位中的应用

目的 :探讨新型定位板应用在腰椎后外侧经椎间孔腰骶神经根封闭术的术前定位中的有效性、可靠性。方法:2015年3月~2016年3月收治腰椎退行性疾病患者102例,其中单节段腰椎间盘突出症51例,单节段腰椎管狭窄症42例,经皮内窥镜下腰椎间盘切除术后症状复发9例,采用随机数字表随机分入两组后行腰椎后外侧经椎间孔腰骶神经根封闭术。A组54例,手术节段为L3/4 8例、L4/5 28例、L5/S1 18例,采用新型定位板术前定位;B组48例,手术节段为L3/4 8例、L4/5 26例、L5/S1 14例,采用金属定位针术前定位。两组患者年龄、性别、手术节段、保守治疗时间均无统计学差异(P0.05)。记录两组术前的透视次数和准备时间、穿刺时间、穿刺期透视次数、手术并发症、穿刺术后1h穿刺区疼痛VAS评分,并进行统计学分析。结果:A组术前的准备时间为5.2±1.0min、透视次数为1.1±0.3次,穿刺时间9.6±2.2min,穿刺期透视次数3.1±1.0次;B组术前的准备时间为10.7±2.3min、透视次数为3.8±1.2次,穿刺时间16.3±3.3min,穿刺期透视次数4.6±0.6次,两组比较均有统计学差异(P0.05),A组均优于B组。两组均未出现椎管内血肿、腹腔脏器损伤、下肢感觉和运动功能异常,B组出现硬膜刺裂1例(1/48)、穿刺区域皮下血肿4例(4/48),两组并发症发生率无统计学差异(P0.05);术后1h穿刺区域疼痛VAS评分,A组为3.4±0.5分,B组为5.0±0.9分,有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:对于经椎间孔腰骶神经根封闭术,使用新型定位板术前定位,并进行穿刺路径设计,可减少术前透视次数、术前准备时间,有助于缩短穿刺时间及穿刺期透视次数,定位板具有使用方便、可靠、有效等优点。     

关节镜下盘状半月板的治疗

目的　探讨关节镜下盘状半月板的治疗方法与疗效。　方法　 37例 (37膝 )盘状半月板 ,33例行关节镜下成形术 ,4例肌腱部自关节囊缘较广泛撕裂因无法成形而行全切术。 1例自R区纵向撕裂在成形后行缝合修补术。　结果　按Ikeuchi氏膝关节评价等级 :优 19例 (5 1.4% ) ,好 13例(35 1% ) ,良 5例 (13 5 % )。　结论　关节镜下盘状半月板成形术可获得优良疗效 ,主张尽可能施行关节镜下成形术治疗盘状半月板。     

重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子眼用凝胶在角膜塑形镜配戴的应用

目的：评价在角膜塑形镜配戴初期使用重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（贝复舒）眼用凝胶的疗效。方法：78例（156眼）近视患者,初次验配角膜塑形镜,随机分为治疗组和对照组（各39例78眼）。对照组使用博视顿舒润液常规戴镜,治疗组使用贝复舒眼用凝胶滴眼后按对照组方法常规戴镜。戴镜前和戴镜后1d、7d、1个月、3个月观察泪膜破裂时间（TBUT）及角膜上皮损伤情况。结果：戴镜后治疗组各时间点 TBUT 均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义。两组内戴镜后 TBUT 均明显低于该组戴镜前,两两比较认为治疗组戴镜7d 后 TBUT 趋于稳定,对照组戴镜1d 后 TBUT 趋于稳定。治疗组各时间点角膜上皮损伤情况均明显低于对照组。结论：贝复舒眼用凝胶在角膜塑形镜配戴早期可对角膜上皮和泪膜起到保护和修复作用。     

多排螺旋CT在腰部肌群形态学参数测量中的应用及其临床意义

目的:探讨行螺旋CT平扫检查患者腰部肌群密度和面积的变化,并通过量化分析得出不同年龄及性别间腰部肌群退变的程度。方法:收集240例腰部CT扫描重建图像(体检者包括下腰痛患者),按年龄分为6组(20~29岁、30~39岁、40~49岁、50~59岁、60~69岁和70~79岁年龄组)。在不同的腰椎横突水平测量腰大肌、腰方肌、竖脊肌横断面积(CSA)和平均CT值。采用Toshiba Activion 16排螺旋CT扫描,采集范围从腰1至骶1。结果:①同年龄组(70~79岁年龄组除外)测量结果进行比较,相同椎体水平男性腰肌CSA明显高于同年龄组女性(P<0.05);②相同椎体水平男性腰大肌CSA在20~29岁、30~39岁和40~49岁年龄组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),50~59岁、60~69岁和70~79岁年龄组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);③40~49岁年龄组男性竖脊肌CSA大于50~59岁年龄组(P<0.05);④女性腰肌CSA20~29岁、30~39岁、40~49岁、50~59岁、60~69岁和70~79岁年龄组相邻组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);⑤相同水平男性和女性竖脊肌密度均值低于腰大肌和腰方肌均值,且下降速度更快,腰大肌密度均值相对最高。女性竖脊肌密度均值较男性更低,且在70~79岁年龄组下降变化最为明显(P<0.05)。结论:多排螺旋CT可以用以诊断腰肌退变情况。     

膝关节镜下治疗82例盘状半月板疗效分析

目的探讨膝关节镜下治疗盘状半月板的应用价值与临床效果。方法对我院2010年4月～2012年3月收治的82例盘状半月板患者实施关节镜下手术治疗的临床资料进行了总结与回顾性分析。结果全部患者经关节镜下手术治疗后,采用Lysholm膝关节功能评分表进行6～24月随访,平均随访12.5个月,取得满意的临床治疗效果,其中优57例,良22例,可2例,差1例,术后优良率达96.6%。结论采用关节镜下治疗盘状半月板,具有手术创伤小、效果好、术后恢复快、副作用少等优点,值得临床推广。     

Amelioration of Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis in Rabbit by Topical Administration of Tacrolimus Proglycosome Nano-Vesicles

This work was aimed to improve the efficacy of tacrolimus in the treatment of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) using propylene glycol modified lipid vesicles termed as proglycosome nano-vesicles (PNVs). PNVs were prepared by modified film hydration method. Experimental uveitis in rabbit eye was induced by an intravitreal injection of 20 μL of the endotoxin solution containing 100 ng of lipopolysaccharide endotoxin. In vivo efficacy of PNVs was determined by studying clinical symptoms of uveitis using slit lamp examination and by quantitatively measuring levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, leukocytes and total proteins in aqueous humor, 24 h after intravitreal injection of endotoxin. Comparison was made with healthy, untreated and tacrolimus solution treated eyes. PNVs developed were nano-sized, deformable and showed sustained release of tacrolimus over period of 12 h. In vivo results indicated statistically significant difference between the effects of PNVs in the treatment of EIU compared to tacrolimus. PNV treatment not only subsides clinical symptoms of uveitis but also prevented breakdown of blood aqueous barrier. Tacrolimus loaded PNVs are potential new topical treatment for uveitis.     

中药熏蒸联合人工泪液治疗干眼症的临床观察及对患者视觉相关生命质量的影响

目的:探究中药熏蒸联合人工泪液治疗干眼症的临床疗效,分析其对患者视觉相关生命质量的影响。方法:选取2014年11月至2016年12月北京市健宫医院收治的干眼症患者72例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组36例(72只患眼),对照组给予人工泪液治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合中药熏蒸治疗,2周为1个疗程,2组均连续治疗2个疗程。统计2组临床疗效;比较2组患者治疗前后主要中医症状积分、泪液分泌量、泪膜破裂时间;采用美国国家眼科研究所视觉相关生命质量量表(NEI-VFQ-25)评价并比较2组患者治疗前后视觉相关生命质量。结果:治疗后观察组总有效率为90. 28%,较对照组的63. 89%显著升高(P 0. 01);与治疗前比较,治疗后2组患者患眼疲劳感、干涩感、异物感及烧灼感等症状积分均显著降低,且观察组显著低于对照组(P 0. 01);与治疗前比较,治疗2周后至治疗4周后2组泪液分泌量呈逐渐升高趋势(P 0. 01),泪膜破裂时间呈逐渐延长趋势(P 0. 05),且治疗后2组间差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05或P 0. 01);与治疗前比较,治疗后2组患眼一般健康状况、活动障碍及视力障碍评分均显著升高(P 0. 01),且观察组显著高于对照组(P 0. 01)。结论:中药熏蒸联合人工泪液治疗干眼症可有效缓解患眼临床症状,促进患眼泪液分泌并增强泪膜稳定性,同时还可显著改善患眼视觉相关生命质量,疗效显著优于人工泪液单用。     

Collagen scaffold meniscus implant integration in a canine model: A histological analysis

In the situation of an irreparable meniscus tear, an implant comparable to a normal meniscus is an attractive option. Using a canine model, we assessed the early and late histologic response to a tissue engineered meniscal collagen scaffold (CS). All animals received bilateral arthrotomies, and all joints receiving the CS had an 80% resection of the meniscus. Animals were sacrificed at 3 and 6 weeks, and 12, 13, and 17 months. The CS/tissue complex and host meniscal rim were sectioned for histologic examination with specific focus on the extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, cellular resorption of the scaffold, scaffold appearance, and CS/Host integration. Early histologic samples (3–6 weeks) revealed active angiogenesis and fibrin clots evolving into cellular granulation type tissue. At 12 months, a mature fibrochondrocytic matrix was depositing with gradations of dissolution and integration of the CS implant. Maturing CS/host integration was observed at 18 months. Active cellular resorption of the implant decreased over time. Four cases showed a mild non‐specific chronic inflammation and one additional case showed inflammatory engulfment of the scaffold with giant cells at 3 weeks. No evidence of infection either clinically or histologically was observed at any time point. Overall, this histologic analysis demonstrated the active integration of a meniscal like cartilage into a tissue engineered biological scaffold in a canine model. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1914–1919, 2013